In charge: Label-free DNA sequencing can be performed by using a field-effect transistor to detect the intrinsic molecular charges (see picture). Oligonucleotide probes are immobilized on the Si3N4 gate surface, and complementary target DNA is hybridized with them. The change in charge density on the Si3N4/SiO2 gate caused by each single-base extension can be measured as a shift in the threshold voltage. VG=gate voltage.
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Sakata et al. (2006) studied this question.
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