Targeting the Gut-Brain Axis by Prebiotics and Probiotics: Integrating Emerging Strategies in Ibd Management

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition with a multifactorial condition characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Mainly comprising Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis, this inflammatory disease and its symptoms expand way beyond the gut and have neurological implications ranging from mood alterations to depression. Recent researchers have shed light on the impact of the two-way communication network linking the gut and the brain, which is called the GBA Axis or Gut-Brain Axis, on the development and progression of IBD. Any disturbance in the gut bacteria ecosystem is called dysbiosis, and dysbiosis is considered a major contributing factor in IBD pathogenesis. This review explores the role of dietary interventions, particularly prebiotics and probiotics, that help rebalance the gut microbial ecosystem, strengthen the intestinal barrier, and alleviate inflammation. It also sheds light on the rising potential of Postbiotics, along with Digital health tools and Artificial intelligence in enhancing patient care and being utilised in not just the management of IBD but also its treatment. By reviewing both scientific findings and clinical observations, this paper outlines how GBA-focused nutritional strategies combined with promising new interventions can support a more personalized and effective approach to managing I.B.D. This review uniquely integrates mechanistic insights into the microbiota–gut–brain axis with nutritional microbiome-modulating interventions and emerging digital health technologies, providing a cross-disciplinary framework for precision management of inflammatory bowel disease.