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Observes improved greywater treatment in constructed wetlands, suggesting enhanced performance for reuse standards.
• Stream-specific pretreatment is required to reduce TSS and prevent clogging • Multi-stage hybrid CWs outperform single-stage vertical and horizontal flow designs • Treating bathroom-only greywater reduces the filter area to < 0.5 m 2 /p. • Hybrid staging enables >70% total TN removal through alternating redox zones • Meeting stringent unrestricted reuse standards requires post-disinfection
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Morandi et al. (2026) studied this question.
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