Abstract In this study, two-stage combustion tests were conducted in a hot water boiler installed in a greenhouse facility in Aydın, Turkey. The experiments were carried out under two conditions: combustion of coal alone and combustion of coal blended with a natural additive referred to as FAM22. A total of 6000 kg of coal with a particle size of 0–18 mm was used. During the tests, key performance parameters, including fuel consumption, bottom and fly ash formation, and hot water production, were systematically monitored. The results indicate that the use of FAM22 was associated with changes in combustion performance. The total thermal energy output increased by 18.97% compared to the baseline condition. In addition, reductions in bottom ash (9.4%) and fly ash (17.6%) were observed, while hot water production increased by approximately 8.2%. Flue gas measurements also showed lower concentrations of CO, NO x , and SO 2 during additive-assisted combustion. These findings suggest that the addition of FAM22 may contribute to improved combustion characteristics under the tested operating conditions.
Şahİn et al. (Sat,) studied this question.