The Effect of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery on Interleukin-18 Concentration and Biomarkers Related to Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Degradation

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Comparison of the absolute number of leukocytes (A), the concentration of CRP (B), and the concentration of cTnT (C) in the on-pump group (□) and the off-pump group (■) before surgery (T1) and 24 h (T2) and 72 h (T3) after surgery in peripheral blood. * Level of statistical significance: p < 0.05. Data are expressed as median and 25th–75th percentile. CRP—C-reactive protein, cTnT—cardiac troponin T.

• 

  Figure 2. Dynamic changes in and comparison of the concentration of interleukin-18 between the on-pump group (□) and the off-pump group (■) before surgery (T1) and 24 h (T2) and 72 h (T3) after surgery in peripheral blood (A) and in the coronary sinus and aortic root during surgery before bypass grafting was performed (B). * Level of statistical significance: p < 0.05. Data are expressed as median and 25th–75th percentile.

• 

  Figure 3. Dynamic changes in and comparison of the plasma concentration of syndecan-1 (A) and hyaluronic acid (B) between the on-pump group (□) and the off-pump group (■) at different time points: before surgery (T1) and 24 h (T2) and 72 h (T3) after surgery. * Level of statistical significance: p < 0.05. Data are expressed as median and 25th–75th percentile.

• 

  Figure 4. Comparison of the concentration of syndecan-1 (A) and hyaluronic acid (B) in the coronary sinus and aortic root between the on-pump group (□) and the off-pump group (■) during surgery before bypass grafting was performed. Data are expressed as median and 25th–75th percentile.

• 

  Figure 5. Summary of the study results with clinical implications. Cardiac surgery leads to an increased inflammatory response that triggers degradation of EG. A more intense inflammatory response leads to higher EG degradation, which in turn triggers IRI. IRI increases postoperative complications and prolongs the recovery time and positive outcome. CRP—C-reactive protein, cTnT—cardiac troponin, EG—endothelial glycocalyx, IL—interleukin, Lkc—leukocytes, IRI—ischemia–reperfusion injury. ↑, increase; ↓, decrease.

• 

  Figure 6. Flow diagram of the study protocol.