On the Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities: Sharp constants, existence (and nonexistence), and symmetry of extremal functions

Consider the following inequalities due to Caffarelli, Kohn, and Nirenberg [6] where, for N ≥ 3, −∞ < a < (N − 2)/2, a ≤ b ≤ a + 1, and p = 2N/(N − 2 + 2(b − a)). We shall answer some fundamental questions concerning these inequalities such as the best embedding constants, the existence and nonexistence of extremal functions, and their qualitative properties. While the case a ≥ 0 has been studied extensively and a complete solution is known, little has been known for the case a < 0. Our results for the case a < 0 reveal some new phenomena which are in striking contrast with those for the case a ≥ 0. Results for N = 1 and N = 2 are also given.