Literature review reveals a lack of empirical assessment and theoretical grounding in counseling ethical decision-making models, highlighting need for rigorous validation.
A comprehensive review of the literature on ethical decision-making models in counseling is presented, beginning in the fall of 1984 through the summer of 1998. (Materials "in press" were considered.) A general overview of the literature is provided. Theoretically or philosophically based, practice-based, and specialty-relevant approaches are surveyed. The literature is rich with publications describing decision-making models, although few models have been assessed empirically, and few models seem well grounded philosophically or theoretically.
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Cottone et al. (2000) studied this question.
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