Redistribution of the canon and implications in the differentiation of sustainable development between regions with and without natural resource exploitation

This study analyzes the association between the redistribution of canon revenues and disparities in sustainable development among regional governments. The analysis focuses on determining how the current fiscal transfer policy, instead of acting as a mechanism for cohesion, functions as an instrument that perpetuates and deepens differences in development levels between territories with and without extractive activities. Using a methodological approach that integrates data from the transparency portals of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) and the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test the asymmetries between departmental groups. The findings quantify a redistribution of 183,323.3 million soles, characterized by a critical dependence on international price cycles and a marked heterogeneity in its allocation. The results suggest that Canon Determined Resources (RDC) operate under a regressive and exclusionary fiscal logic, generating a structure of inequality that hinders regional convergence. It is concluded that the current scheme does not provide the material support necessary for human development or environmental sustainability, revealing that the redistribution policy itself acts as a factor of territorial fragmentation and therefore requires an urgent reform in the governance of the extractive industry.