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Framework evaluates health and environmental risks of wastewater recovery products, indicating low risks for crops.
• Framework to assess quality, health, and environmental risks in resource recovery. • Extensive monitoring shows high level of compliance with EU and Norwegian standards. • Pathogens and heavy metals pose low health risks in crops with soil improver use. • Cumulative risk evaluation conducted for one-time application of 168 contaminants. • Long-term analysis shows slight heavy metal accumulation, highlighting future risks.
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Ardiyanti et al. (2026) studied this question.
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