Root‐Lesion Nematodes in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Hidden Threat and Management Options

ABSTRACT Root‐lesion nematodes ( Pratylenchus spp.) pose a significant threat to agriculture globally. Pratylenchus spp. are widely distributed across sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) and they affect a wide range of subsistence and cash crops. Their damage and economic importance are often underestimated. These nematodes interact with other soil pathogens leading to disease complexes and increased crop damage. Recent studies in SSA have expanded the list of known hosts for P. goodeyi and identified new species such as P. mahindii and P. vandenbergae which pose a threat to crop production. The damage caused by Pratylenchus spp. mimics nutrient or water stress which makes it a hidden threat especially for small holder farmers. Limited awareness on the existence of these nematodes constrains management options, leaving small holder farmers vulnerable to significant losses on important crops. This paper reviews the current knowledge on biology and life cycle of Pratylenchus spp., their synergistic interactions with other soil pathogens, newly identified species in SSA, and influence of environmental variables on Pratylenchus spp. It also discusses their economic importance and management options available for small holder farmers in order to safeguard food security in SSA.