This paper presents an IoT-based smart parking system designed to address urban parking challenges through real-time monitoring and automation. The system utilizes IR sensors, ESP32 microcontroller, and cloud based data processing to detect vehicle occupancy and provide slot availability through a mobile application. The proposed system improves efficiency by reducing parking search time, minimizing fuel consumption, and enhancing user convenience. The architecture integrates sensing, communication, and application layers to ensure seamless data flow and scalability. Experimental evaluation demonstrates high accuracy and reliable performance, achieving approximately 95% detection accuracy and reducing parking search time by 40% compared to traditional parking systems.The system is cost-effective, scalable, and suitable for smart city applications, contributing to improved traffic management and reduced environmental impact.
Aparna Pune (2026) studied this question.