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We have built a new soft x-ray emission spectrograph covering the photon energy range 20–800 eV. It incorporates toroidal holographic grazing incidence diffraction gratings and a position-sensitive photodiode array as a detector. The detector electronics are remote from the array which is under vacuum at nitrogen temperature, and features a double-correlated sampling scheme. The sample is excited with a Pierce-type electron gun using a quadrupole focusing lens. The performance of the instrument is described.
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Carson et al. (1984) studied this question.
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