With the help of quantum mechanics one can formulate a model of associative memory with optimal storage capacity. This model is generalized by introducing a parameter playing the role of an effective temperature. The corresponding thermodynamics provides criteria to tune the efficiency of quantum pattern recognition. It is shown that the associative memory undergoes a phase transition from a disordered, high-temperature phase with no correlation between input and output to an ordered, low-temperature phase with minimal input-output Hamming distance.
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Carlo A. Trugenberger (2002) studied this question.
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