Natural Products Counteracting Cardiotoxicity during Cancer Chemotherapy: The Special Case of Doxorubicin, a Comprehensive Review

Figures

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  Figure 1. The oxidative-stress-associated cardiotoxic effects of DOX (left-hand side bars) are compared with cardioprotective activity of fruit extracts (right-hand side bars). Fruit extracts decreased MDA formation stimulated by DOX (control MDA values ranged from 7.92 to 182.65 nmol/g protein). The tested cardioprotectants restored the reduced by DOX level of GSH (control GSH values range was from 27.51 to 35.87 mg/g protein) as well as normalized activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT (100% CAT and SOD were in the range from 30.95 to 50.29 U/g protein and from 13.78 to 155.5 kU/mg protein, respectively).

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  Figure 2. The oxidative-stress-associated cardiotoxic effects of DOX (left-hand side bars) are compared with cardioprotective activity of bioactive phytochemicals (right-hand side bars). Phytochemicals decreased MDA formation stimulated by DOX (control MDA values ranged from 57.7 to 1179 nmol/g protein). The tested cardioprotectants restored the level of GSH reduced by DOX (control GSH values range was from 0.01 to 99.8 μmol/g protein), as well as normalized activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT (100% CAT and SOD were in the range of 5.82 to 12.35 U/mg protein and from 1.10 to 8.69 U/mg protein, respectively).

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  Figure 3. Experimental schemes for assessment of cardioprotective properties of beetroot tested in leukemia-bearing mice treated with DOX.