Prospects of Graphene-Based Materials in E-Fuel Applications

In recent years, research studies on e-fuels such as e-methane, e-kerosene, e-methane, e-ammonia, e-diesel and e-methanol have engrossed the interest of scientists because of their unique features. These fuels are in vapour or molten phase that are formed from renewable energy sources (such as solar, wind and water) or decarbonised electricity. Recent research studies on the fabrication and applications of e-fuels have advanced significantly owing to the integration of graphene and its derivatives with special chemical and physical characteristics in their various working principles and applications. The most recent developments in the fabrication and applications of materials that are graphene-based e-fuels include the integration of graphene in electrodes and electrolytes of the e-fuel devices. E-fuels are also used in the decarbonisation of our environment since anthropogenic carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) and carbon (II) oxide (CO) emitted from various sources will be reduced; consequently reducing greenhouse effects. This review aims at exploring techniques of using graphene and its derivatives in enhancing the performance and elongating the lifespan of e-fuel devices.