Genome editing system CRISPR/CAS9 and peculiarities of its application in monocots

Genome editing is a new methodology for DNA modification that has been developing in recent years. This review compares proposed methods of optimization and development of a modern genome editing system—CRISPR/Cas9—in monocots. Methodical approaches for in silico selecting target sites, designing an expression vector, transferring the vector expression cassette into plant cells, evaluating the results of the editing and nonspecific activity of the system, and obtaining modified plants free of foreign DNA are reviewed. The problem of legislative regulation and the prospects for using this method for commercial purposes are discussed.