Theoretical Investigation of Gravitational Effect on Effective Mass of Electromagnetic Wave

This paper proposes that the effective mass of an electromagnetic wave is not zero and further points out that an electromagnetic wave undergoes a frequency shift in a gravitational field only if its effective mass varies with gravity. Based on proposed model, mass of an electromagnetic wave of frequency 𝑓 is given by formula 𝑚 = 7.36x10−51𝑓. This new understanding can be helpful for the analysis of mass, linear momentum, force, frequency, wavelength and energy of electromagnetic waves inside the gravitational field namely at Schwarzschild radius, black hole and so on. A key point of this work is that the gravitational redshift effect can be explained more directly based on the variation of the proposed mass of the electromagnetic wave inside the gravitational field.