Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity Among Women Survivors of Violence: A Qualitative Study Based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change

Physical activity (PA) is recognized as a beneficial intervention for women survivors of violence; their overall level of PA remains lower than that of the general population. Several studies have examined the challenges related to engaging in PA among women survivors of violence, but most research on factors influencing PA of women survivors of violence have not incorporated theoretical models of behavior change. This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to PA among women survivors of violence by using the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change. Interviews were conducted with 19 women across the different stages of the model, allowing for the identification of psychological, physical, and socioenvironmental themes. Initial barriers included psychological blocks and insufficient support, and progress toward the maintenance stage was associated with improved self-confidence, body image, and the perception of exercise as a form of therapy. Safe environments and positive emotional experiences were found to be essential for sustaining PA. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of engagement and disengagement in PA among women survivors of violence. Finally, they support the development of interventions tailored to each stage of behavior change in order to promote long-term PA among women survivors of violence.