Key result
GATA3 expression marks ~69% of classical Hodgkin lymphomas versus other lymphomas, aiding differential diagnosis.
Why the study?
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma has a specific immunophenotype, but aberrant antigen expression can cause diagnostic difficulties across its wide range of differential diagnoses.
Does GATA3 immunohistochemistry help differentiate Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma from other lymphoma subtypes?
Case-Control (n=206)
No
Does GATA3 immunohistochemistry help differentiate Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma from other lymphoma subtypes?
Absolute Event Rate: 69% vs 35.8%
p-value: p=<0.001
GATA3 is a useful immunohistochemical marker for differentiating Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma from B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, though its utility is limited in core-needle biopsies and against ALK-negative ALCL and mediastinal gray-zone lymphoma.
May aid CHL differential diagnosis; hypothesis-generating pending prospective validation in core biopsies.
Objective: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is a common lymphoid neoplasm with a wide range of differential diagnoses. Although it has a specific immunophenotype, aberrant expression of antigens can cause problems at its diagnosis. In this study we evaluated the usefulness of GATA3 in the differential diagnosis of CHL. Materials and Methods: One hundred cases of CHL and a control group of 106 lymphoma cases, which included anaplastic large-cell lymphoma both positive and negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive large B-cell lymphoma, T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, and mediastinal gray-zone lymphoma, were included in the study. GATA3 immunohistochemistry was applied to all cases and nuclear expression was accepted as positive. Expression status of GATA3 was compared between the CHL group and the control group, as well as among each lymphoma subtype. In addition, whether the biopsy type affected diagnostic performance was assessed. For CHL, the relationship with EBV status and GATA3 expression was evaluated. Results: GATA3 expression was significantly higher in CHL cases compared to the control group (p<0.001). When compared among individual subgroups, GATA3 was found to be useful in the differential diagnosis of all except for ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (p=0.678) and mediastinal gray-zone lymphoma (p=0.327). GATA3 expression was significantly higher in EBV-negative CHL (p=0.02). In core-needle biopsies, the diagnostic performance was limited (p=0.178). Conclusion: GATA3 is a useful marker for differentiating CHL from B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas but its efficiency is limited in ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and mediastinal gray-zone lymphoma. Due to heterogeneous reactions, its diagnostic value is limited in core-needle biopsies.
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Altay et al. (2024) conducted a case-control in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (n=206). GATA3 immunohistochemistry vs. Other lymphomas (control group) was evaluated on GATA3 expression positivity (p=<0.001). GATA3 expression was significantly higher in classical Hodgkin lymphoma cases (69%) compared to a control group of other lymphomas (35.8%), supporting its utility in differential diagnosis.
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