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An attempt is made to fill in the particle-mass gap between the ordinary masses of a few hundred GeV and the grand unification mass of 10¹⁵ GeV by incorporating two and three stages of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the various descents of SO(10) to the low-energy symmetry SU(2)L×U(1)×SU(3)c. It is shown that intermediate masses of order 10¹⁰ GeV can exist in the particle-mass gap. Values lower than 10¹⁰ GeV can only be achieved at the expense of pushing the grand unifying mass to the Planck mass. Also similarities in the gauge structure and differences in the Higgs-scalar and fermion representations of the SU(2)L×SU(2)R×SU(4)c-based Pati-Salam model and its synthesis into SO(10) are pointed out.
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Subhash Rajpoot (1980) studied this question.
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