Key result
Young ACTC E99K transgenic mice exhibit increased Ca2+ transients, spark mass, and propensity for Ca2+ waves compared to non-transgenic littermates, predisposing them to sudden cardiac death.
In a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the ACTC E99K mutation causes age- and strain-dependent aberrant Ca2+ release and fibrosis that are associated with sudden cardiac death.
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Suggests Ca2+ dysregulation drives SCD in this HCM model; leaves open human translation.
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, particularly young adults, can die from arrhythmia, but the mechanism underlying abnormal rhythm formation remains unknown. C57Bl6 × CBA/Ca mice carrying a cardiac actin ( ACTC) E99K (Glu99Lys) mutation reproduce many aspects of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including increased myofilament Ca 2+ sensitivity and sudden death in a proportion (up to 40%) of young (28−40 day old) animals. We studied the hearts of transgenic (TG; ACTC E99K) mice and their non-TG (NTG) littermates when they were in their vulnerable period (28–40 days old) and when they were adult (8–12 wk old). Ventricular myocytes were isolated from the hearts of TG and NTG mice at these two time points. We also examined the hearts of mice that died suddenly (SCD). SCD animals had approximately four times more collagen compared with age-matched NTG mice, yet myocyte cell size was normal. Young TG mice had double the collagen content of NTG mice. Contraction and Ca 2+ transients were greater in cells from young TG mice compared with their NTG littermates but not in cells from adult mice (TG or NTG). Cells from young TG mice had a greater propensity for Ca 2+ waves than NTG littermates, and, despite similar sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ content, a proportion of these cells had larger Ca 2+ spark mass. We found that the probability of SCD in young TG mice was increased when the mutation was expressed in animals with a CBA/Ca 2+ background and almost eliminated in mice bred on a C57Bl6 background. The latter TG mice had normal cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mice with the actin Glu99Lys hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation ( ACTC E99K) are prone to sudden cardiac death around 40 days, associated with increased Ca 2+ transients, spark mass, and fibrosis. However, adult survivors have normal Ca 2+ transients and spark density accompanied by hypertrophy. Penetrance of the sudden cardiac death phenotype depends on the genetic background of the mouse. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/calcium-regulation-in-e99k-mouse-heart/ .
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Rowlands et al. (2017) studied Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (mouse model). ACTC E99K mutation vs. Non-transgenic littermates was evaluated on Cellular Ca2+ handling and sudden cardiac death. Young ACTC E99K transgenic mice exhibit increased Ca2+ transients, spark mass, and propensity for Ca2+ waves compared to non-transgenic littermates, predisposing them to sudden cardiac death.
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