Our efforts to understand the physical, chemical, and biological processes involved in groundwater flow, contaminant transport, and site remediation are made challenging by the limited access we have to the subsurface environment in which they occur. While some recent research projects have collected data that are relatively high in temporal and spatial resolution, at the sites of many environmental investigations the resolution of the data is limited. For this reason, geostatistics has been integrated with hydrogeology to provide methods for quantifying uncertainty where estimation, interpolation, and extrapolation of hydrogeologic attributes are required between and beyond data locations. Hydrogeologic attributes generally do not vary in a maximally disordered fashion but have both random and structured qualities, both of which can be represented by geostatistical models.
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Robert W. Ritzi (1998) studied this question.