Coherence, Correlations, and Collisions: What One Learns about Bose-Einstein Condensates from Their Decay

We have used three-body recombination rates as a sensitive probe of the statistical correlations between atoms in Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) and in ultracold noncondensed dilute atomic gases. We infer that density fluctuations are suppressed in the BEC samples. We measured the three-body recombination rate constants for condensates and cold noncondensates from number loss in the F0ex0ex=0ex0ex1,mf0ex0ex=0ex0ex-1 hyperfine state of ⁸⁷Rb. The ratio of these is $7.4(2.6)$ which agrees with the theoretical factor of $3!$ and demonstrates that condensate atoms are less bunched than noncondensate atoms.