Model.s of endogenous economic growth can generate long-ten growth without relying on exogenous changes in technology or population. A general feature of these models is the presence of constant or increasing returns in the factors that can be accumulated. I use some models of this type to study the determination of per capita growth investment in physical and human capital, and population growth. The determinants of these variables involve aspects of government policy --including public infrastructure services, maintenance of property rights, government consumption, and taxation --and the initial level of per capita income.
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Robert J. Barro (1989) studied this question.