Assessment has been made of student performances in answering exam questions of different types. Three groups of students were tested on the same material in three different forms of examination: essay-type question, essay-type question modified by providing cues, and multiple choice question. The students performed better in multiple-choice and in cued essay questions than in uncued essay questions. An important difference between essay questions and multiple-choice questions is the provision of cues in the latter.
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McCloskey et al. (1976) studied this question.
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