Key result
Three-protein signature shows no significant link to persistent depressive symptoms in recent-onset diabetes after adjustment.
Why the study?
Depression is associated with diabetes, but the underlying causes remain unclear.
Are specific inflammatory and neurological protein biomarkers associated with baseline and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms in adults with recent-onset diabetes?
Cross-Sectional (n=430)
Are specific inflammatory and neurological protein biomarkers associated with baseline and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms in adults with recent-onset diabetes?
Effect estimate: OR 1.58 (CDCP1); OR 1.32 (SIRT2); OR 0.70 (LEPR) (95% CI 1.08-2.31; 1.03-1.71; 0.49-0.99)
A three-protein signature (CDCP1, SIRT2, LEPR) is nominally associated with baseline and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms in recent-onset diabetes, though these findings require further validation due to loss of significance after multiple testing adjustment.
Should not yet inform clinical decisions; leaves open whether protein biomarkers identify depression risk in recent-onset diabetes.
Depression is associated with diabetes, but the underlying causes remain unclear. To better understand depression in diabetes, this study investigated associations between 135 inflammatory and neurological protein biomarkers and depressive symptoms in individuals with diabetes.This cross-sectional study included 430 adults with a known diabetes duration <1 year from the German Diabetes Study (GDS), in whom biomarkers were measured in serum and depressive symptoms were evaluated at baseline and annually over 5 years using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Based on the information on depressive symptoms from the baseline and follow-up visits (n=305, ≥3 time points), we subdivided the sample into individuals with persistent or recurrent and transient or never depressive symptoms. We assessed the associations of each biomarker with baseline CES-D score (continuous) and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms using multiple linear and logistic regression models, respectively.After adjustment for covariates, we identified a three-protein signature associated with baseline CES-D score and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms. CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) and NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) were positively associated with baseline (β 1.24 (95% CI 0.19 to 2.29); β 0.89 (95% CI 0.06 to 1.72)), respectively) and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms (OR 1.58 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.31); OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.71), respectively), whereas leptin receptor (LEPR) was inversely associated with baseline (β -0.99 (95% CI -1.87 to -0.11)) and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms (OR 0.70 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.99)). However, results were not significant after adjustment for multiple testing.In conclusion, the three-protein signature identified may provide insights into mechanisms underlying depressive symptoms in diabetes and might open new therapeutic avenues.The trial registration number of the study is NCT01055093.
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Spagnuolo et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Recent-onset diabetes with depressive symptoms (n=430). Protein biomarkers (CDCP1, SIRT2, LEPR) was evaluated on Baseline CES-D score and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms (OR 1.58 (CDCP1); OR 1.32 (SIRT2); OR 0.70 (LEPR), 95% CI 1.08-2.31; 1.03-1.71; 0.49-0.99). A three-protein signature (CDCP1, SIRT2, LEPR) was associated with persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms in recent-onset diabetes, though not significant after multiple testing adjustment.
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