a single course of antibiotics and even beneficial effects to early antibiotics for infants born to mothers with possible dysbiosis. Postmenstrual age is the only significant driver identified so far for development of the preterm infant microbiome, independent of confounders such as delivery mode, breastfeeding, and antibiotics. 5 Initial colonization of the preterm infant cannot be assumed to be optimal. Infection may be a specific trigger of preterm birth, and alterations in the maternal microbiome have been associated with preterm delivery. 6 Although this study is limited by sample size, initial empirical
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O’Leary et al. (2020) studied this question.
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