Determinants of Maternal Emotion Socialization: Based on Belsky’s Process of Parenting Model

The purpose of the current study was to investigate how the potential multi-factors influence mothers’ emotion socialization. This study involved 300 Japanese-speaking married mothers with 2- to 5-year-old children, who answered a series of measures of emotion socialization (coaching, dismissing, dysfunction, and noninvolvement), emotion regulation strategy (reappraisal, suppression), psychopathology (anxiety, depression) and perceived parenting alliance with their partners. (a)Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated different effects between maternal anxiety and depression, such that higher levels of depression were associated with less coaching and higher levels of anxiety were associated with more dismissing and dysfunction. (b)Moreover, maternal emotion regulation was significant even when controlling for psychopathology, in which reappraisal had significant positive associations with coaching, and conversely, suppression had significant negative associations with coaching and positive associations with noninvolvement, dismissing and dysfunction. (c)Additionally, moderation analysis revealed that a greater use of reappraisal were associated with more coaching, and this relation was strongest in lower levels of parenting alliance. Similarly, more reappraisal were associated with less dysfunction only when parenting alliance was low. Reappraisal may be effective in promoting supportive emotion socialization and buffer the negative effect of lower parenting alliance on unsupportive emotion socialization. Based on Belsky’s process of parenting model, we incorporated maternal psychopathology, emotion regulation and perceived parenting alliance into one model of influencing maternal emotion socialization and highlight the unique role of emotion regulation.