The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the unique mechanism by which mammalian selenoprotein synthesis occurs. Selenoprotein synthesis requires translational recoding of the UGA codon from a stop signal to a selenocysteine insertion signal (SECIS). Dedicated factors directly involved in this translation process include specific secondary structure in the mRNA (SECIS), a unique tRNA (Sec-tRNA(Sec)), an RNA binding protein (SBP2), and a specialized elongation factor (EFsec). Regulation of this process is discussed along with physiologic and clinical issues regarding selenoprotein synthesis, including the side effects associated with statin drugs.
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Hoffmann et al. (2005) studied this question.
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