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The quantum analogues of classical variable-length codes are indeterminate-length quantum codes, in which code words may exist in superpositions of different lengths. This paper explores some of their properties. The length observable for such codes is governed by a quantum version of the Kraft--McMillan inequality. Indeterminate-length quantum codes also provide an alternate approach to quantum data compression.
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Schumacher et al. (2001) studied this question.
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