Development of a Remote Operation Environment and Performance Evaluation of Lane-Keeping Assistance for Automated Buses

In recent years, a shortage of bus drivers has become a significant issue, and the introduction of automated driving technology is expected to offer a potential solution. Automated driving systems operate based on Operational Design Domains (ODD), and when vehicles move beyond these defined domains, automated driving can no longer be maintained. Therefore, remote driving is required outside the ODD. In the case of buses, the driving environment differs considerably from that of passenger vehicles, making it necessary to establish a dedicated remote driving environment specifically designed for buses. This study aims to construct a remote driving environment for buses and develop a driver assistance system to facilitate lane-keeping. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated using a driving simulator.