Development and Optimization of Modular Bioswale Systems for Enhanced Urban Stormwater Management in Davao City: A Systematic Literature Review

Urban areas in the Philippines, including Davao City, experience increased stormwater runoff and flooding due to rapid urbanization and climate change. Bioswales, which utilize vegetation and engineered soil, mitigate these issues by capturing runoff, enhancing infiltration, and filtering pollutants. Their modular design allows for scalability and easy maintenance, making them a promising solution for urban drainage. However, localized studies are necessary to assess their effectiveness under Philippine conditions. This study aims to develop a small-scale modular bioswale system, analyze existing drainage systems, create a modular design framework, and evaluate bioswale effectiveness through simulations and field tests. The research aligns with UN SDGs 6, 11, and 13. A systematic review using the PRISMA framework identified 16 relevant studies. Results showed that bioswales reduced surface runoff by up to 99.4%, runoff volumes by 15-82%, and achieved full infiltration in 37 of 39 storm events. Additionally, they lowered nitrogen loading by 30%, with rainfall intensity, site selection, soil composition, and vegetation significantly influencing performance. In conclusion, bioswales represent a sustainable urban stormwater management solution when supported by strategic design and regular maintenance.