Hiv Stigma in Society: The Psychological Impact of Social Stigmatization on the Quality of Life of People Living With Hiv in the Context of Uzbekistan

This article examines the phenomenon of social stigmatization of people living with HIV (PLHIV) within the context of Uzbek society. HIV-related stigma remains one of the most significant psychosocial barriers preventing timely access to medical care, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and successful social adaptation of patients. The article analyzes the main forms of HIV stigma — external (social) stigma and internalized stigma (self-stigmatization) — and their impact on psychological well-being, self-esteem, and the quality of life of HIV-positive individuals. Particular attention is paid to the cultural and religious factors of Uzbek society that intensify stigmatizing attitudes and create a specific psychological burden for patients. Based on the analysis of domestic and international studies, the article substantiates the necessity of developing psychological interventions aimed at reducing stigma, fostering tolerant attitudes within society, and strengthening the psychological resilience of people living with HIV. The findings of the study may be useful for clinical psychologists, social workers, and public health specialists.