Cosmological Implications of the Causal-Machian Time Field

Building on the causal-Machian emergent time theory {Jaster2026a,Jaster2026b}, we examine the cosmological implications of the scalar time field Θ(x)∈[0,1]. In exactly homogeneous FLRW spacetime Θ=1 identically and standard cosmology is fully reproduced. In the inhomogeneous universe, Θ deviates from unity only at the level imposed by the causal horizon averaging; because a typical cosmic void occupies a volume fraction ~4×10⁻⁷ of the causal horizon, the resulting deviation 1-Θvoid is exponentially suppressed by the flat C^∞ saturation function S_∞ and is quantitatively negligible in the present epoch. The phenomenological consequences of Θ<1 in voids -- including possible contributions to the σ₈ tension, the modified ISW effect, void clocks, and Θ-shell lensing -- are therefore of unmeasurably small amplitude and are discussed as conceptual predictions only. The CMB hemispheric asymmetry has a possible structural source in the directional properties of UH^μ, independently of Θ<1. The model does not resolve the Hubble tension; in the heuristic background-level treatment any correction would have the wrong sign, but its amplitude is negligible. The cosmological constant remains necessary. Two conceptual solution classes are identified: timeless solutions and Θ-shells. Spacetimes with closed timelike curves are structurally excluded from the regular sector. Planck-mass black hole remnants are possible dark matter candidates if Planck-scale smearing halts evaporation.