ABSTRACT The genus Iphigenia Kunth has been poorly recorded in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. In this research, we provide a detailed taxonomic account based on comprehensive field and herbarium investigations. Five species are recognized, each accompanied by detailed nomenclatural notes, morphological descriptions, photographic plates, and an identification key to Indian Iphigenia . This study integrates multiple lines of evidence, including leaf epidermal anatomy, pollen morphology, and seed characteristics examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), along with molecular data from sequencing the rbcL and trnL regions. Two new species, Iphigenia ehrhartii and I. balamii , are described herein. These species are closely related to I. sahyadrica but can be distinguished by their taller stature (> 10 cm), shorter pedicels, flowers ranging in color from purple to golden yellow, perianth lobes with fewer than five nerves, obovoid to cylindrical capsules, and ovoid to oblong seeds with a foveolate–curvilinear surface. Notably, they flower and fruit during December–January.
Arulanandam et al. (2026) studied this question.