Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease is associated with myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease, especially in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease

To investigate the relationship between metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD). This retrospective study enrolled 281 patients with suspected or known CAD who underwent single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. The mean CT values of the liver and spleen, coronary artery calcification score (CACS), and epicardial fat volume (EFV) were acquired through non-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Myocardial ischemia is defined by SDS ≥ 2 detected by MPI. Obstructive CAD is defined as the degree of coronary artery lumen narrowing ≥ 50%. MASLD was defined as mean liver/spleen CT density ratio < 1 or mean liver CT density ≤ 40HU. Clinical data such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension were collected. Of the whole 281 patients, 140 (49.8%) had myocardial ischemia, and 107 (38.1%) had MASLD. Compared to the non-ischemic group, the myocardial ischemic group had higher EFV (137.11 cm³ versus 123.12 cm³) and BMI (25.31 kg/m² versus 24.40 kg/m²), a higher proportion of DM (32.0% versus 19.2%) and MASLD (56.4% versus 19.9%) (all P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that MASLD was the independent risk factor for myocardial ischemia (OR = 4.97, 95% CI: 2.68 ~ 9.24, P < 0.001). Smooth curve fitting results showed that the liver/spleen mean CT density ratio was linearly correlated with the risk of myocardial ischemia. MASLD is an independent risk factor for myocardial ischemia regardless of the presence of obstructive CAD. (obstructive CAD: OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 1.81 ~ 14.00, P = 0.002; without obstructive CAD: OR = 7.43, 95% CI: 2.69 ~ 20.52, P < 0.001). Higher OR value in patients without obstructive CAD indicates that the correlation is more significant. MASLD is significantly associated with myocardial ischemia in suspected or known CAD patients, especially in patients without obstructive CAD, independent of traditional risk factors.