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This review focuses on the principles and applications of electroenzymatic CO2 fixation for chemical synthesis.

May 27, 2026Angewandte Chemie International Edition2 citationsOpen Access

Electroenzymatic CO 2 Fixation

LCL. Castañeda-Losada MRMichael Richter CLChristophe Léger

Key Points

This review focuses on the principles and applications of electroenzymatic CO2 fixation for chemical synthesis.
Overview of bioelectrocatalytic CO2 conversion processes using reductases and carboxylases.
Discussion of available enzymes and their product ranges.
Examination of thermodynamic and kinetic considerations in CO2 utilization.
Electroenzymatic CO2 fixation demonstrates high energy efficiency and product selectivity.
The review outlines both the potential advancements and existing challenges in enzyme-based CO2 conversion.
Emphasis on the need for further discovery and engineering of CO2-converting enzymes to maximize application.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Replacing fossil resources with renewable alternatives for chemical production requires highly integrated, energy‐efficient, and selective CO 2 utilization processes. Electroenzymatic CO 2 fixation offers a promising pathway, combining high energy efficiency with unparalleled product selectivity, making it a viable approach for synthesizing complex molecules. This review outlines the fundamental principles of bioelectrocatalytic CO 2 conversion using reductases and carboxylases, providing an overview of the available enzymes, their product range, and key thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. By highlighting both the potential and limitations of electrochemical CO 2 fixation, this review aims to inform future progress in the discovery, engineering, and application of CO 2 ‐converting enzymes, with the ultimate goal of realizing the full potential of electroenzymatic CO 2 fixation for the sustainable synthesis of fine and specialty chemicals.

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