CYP450 Metabolizer Phenotypes in a Turkish Emergency Cardiac Patient Cohort: A Descriptive Pharmacogenomic Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Sankey diagrams showing the distribution of genotype groups across diagnostic categories in the study cohort. (A) CYP2D6 genotype distribution. (B) CYP2C19 genotype distribution. (C) CYP3A4 genotype distribution. Flow width is proportional to the number of patients in each diagnosis–genotype combination. Abbreviations: COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; HF, Heart Failure; RF, Renal Failure; DM, Diabetes Mellitus; HT, Hypertension; ARR, Arrhythmia; CAD, Coronary Artery Disease.

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  Figure 2. Heatmap visualization of metabolizer phenotype distributions across clinical diagnostic categories. Abbreviations: COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; HF, Heart Failure; RF, Renal Failure; DM, Diabetes Mellitus; HT, Hypertension; ARR, Arrhythmia; CAD, Coronary Artery Disease. (A) CYP2D6, (B) CYP2C19, and (C) CYP3A4. Each cell represents the percentage of patients within a given diagnostic group classified into the corresponding metabolizer phenotype or enzyme activity category, calculated relative to the total number of individuals in that subgroup. Color intensity reflects the relative proportion of each phenotype. CYP2C19 exhibited the highest variability and the greatest prevalence of non-normal metabolizer phenotypes, whereas CYP3A4 activity remained relatively stable across diagnostic categories with only modest variation. CYP2D6 demonstrated a balanced distribution of normal and intermediate metabolizers across most conditions.