Essay analyzes the complexities of hatred in psychology and society, suggesting new insights into human emotions.
Hatred is perhaps the most condemned yet least understood of human emotions. This essay examines hatred not as a moral failing to be eliminated but as a complex psychological and social phenomenon to be understood. Drawing on phenomenology, social psychology, and neuroscience, it analyzes how hatred differs from anger, how it constructs its objects, and what functions it serves in individual and collective life.
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Halit Cengiz Uzuner (2026) studied this question.
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