Preliminary Study: Learning the Impact of Simulation Time on Reentry Location and Morphology Induced by Personalized Cardiac Modeling

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. (A) Tissue classification example of cardiovascular magnetic resonance-late gadolinium enhancement (LGE-MRI) scanned from one human heart into two categories which are non-infarct tissue (orange dotted line) and infarct tissue (red dotted line) by using the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) method. (B–D) Based on the LGE-MRI of patient, the myocardial tissue was divided into non-infarct region (orange) and infarcted region (red) by GMM method, and the infarcted region was further divided into gray zone (GZ) (green) and core scar (blue).

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  FIGURE 2. Virtual-heart arrhythmia risk predictor methodology. (A) High-resolution ventricular structure model segmented into normal tissue, GZ, and core scar; (B) visualization of myocardial fiber orientations; (C) action potential for non-infarcted tissue (orange) and GZ (green); (D) virtual-heart arrhythmia risk predictor pacing sites.

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  FIGURE 3. Example of a reentry morphology for type 1 ventricular tachycardia (VT). (A) Showed breakthrough on the heart surface of a reentry induced in a model before stable. (B) Showed the reentry morphology at the end of 3 s. (C) Reentry morphology induced in the same model at the end of 10 s. Red arrowhead indicates the direction of VT propagation. Red star indicates the VT breakthrough on epicardium and the arrowheads indicate the direction of electrical propagation. The color scales in (A,B) indicate activation times and the black areas represent core scar—there is no electrical propagation there.

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  FIGURE 4. Example of a reentry morphology for type 2 VT. (A) Reentry morphology induced in a model at the end of 3 s. (B) Reentry morphology induced in the same model at the end of 10 s. Red star indicates the VT breakthrough on epicardium and the arrowheads indicate the direction of electrical propagation. The color scales in (A,B) indicate activation times and the black areas represent core scar—there is no electrical activation there.

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  FIGURE 5. Example of a reentry morphology for type 3 VT. (A) Reentry morphology induced in a model at the end of 3 s. (B) Reentry morphology induced in the same model at the end of 10 s. Red arrowhead indicates the direction of VT propagation.

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  FIGURE 6. Example of a reentry morphology for type 4 VT. (A) Reentry morphology induced in a model at the end of 3 s, yellow arrow indicates the direction of propagation. (B) The entire reentry conduction pathway as shown in the (A). (C) Electrical propagation of the reentry in 10 s simulation. Red arrows show direction of propagation. The color bar shows the transmembrane potentials, and the instant time (t) of each map is shown below.