Silencing Babel? Language preference in voluntary associations—evidence from multi-cultural congregations

A study of the dominant languages used in multicultural and multilingual Christian congregations without a formal language policy, from the perspectives of a political sociology of language. Empirical data were collected of levels and types of linguistic integration (and racial and cultural incorporation) in 60 Christian congregations drawn from seven dominations across South Africa. Findings suggest the articulation of formal and popular ideologies with each other and with global, state, and civil institutions. Factors which contribute to and constrain integration are outlined.