Association of Variants and Haplotypes in ADIPOQ , and Serum Adiponectin Levels with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Mexican Adolescents

Background: Variants in ADIPOQ may affect gene expression and serum adiponectin levels (SAL), contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and cardiometabolic disorders in Mexican adolescents. Aim: To evaluate the association of the genetic variants rs266729, rs822396, rs2241766, and rs1501299 in ADIPOQ , their haplotypes, and SAL with MetS components and cardiometabolic parameters in adolescents from western Mexico. Materials and Methods: A total of 494 adolescents from Jalisco, Mexico, aged 10–17 years, were studied. The biochemical and clinical characteristics of cardiometabolic disorders were diagnosed based on age-, sex-, and population-specific percentiles. Peripheral blood samples were obtained. Serum was separated and SAL were measured by ELISA. DNA was extracted and genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction for allelic discrimination. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was assessed, and associations were analyzed using logistic regression and Spearman correlations, with a 95% statistical confidence level. Results: SAL were lower in adolescents with MetS ( P = 0.03) and low high-density lipoprotein ( P = 0.01). The rs266729G allele was associated with very low-density lipoprotein >30 mg/dL in the additive inheritance model [AIM; odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–2.53, P = 0.04], dominant inheritance model (DIM; OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.07–4.73, P = 0.03), and codominant inheritance model (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.03–4.81, P = 0.04). The rs822396G allele was associated with decreased SAL in AIM (OR = 5.00, 95% CI = 1.69–14.7, P = 0.004) and DIM (OR = 5.23, 95% CI = 1.41–21.6, P = 0.01). The rs2241766G allele (recessive model) was associated with increased alanine aminotransferase levels (OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.10–12.6, P = 0.03) and correlated with higher SAL ( R = 0.202, P = 0.045). In controls, the haplotype rs822396–rs2241766–rs1501299 is in linkage disequilibrium ( D ′ = 1), but the correlation is low ( R 2 < 0.1), while in MetS adolescents, D ′ was incomplete. Several haplotypes were associated with cardiometabolic parameters. Conclusion: The variants in ADIPOQ , are associated with MetS and low SAL. The rs822396G allele appears to be a key factor for low SAL and its association with cardiometabolic parameters. The rs2241766T allele was linked to low SAL and clinical characteristics of MetS.