A dual AGN at z = 5.4 associated with a Lyman-alpha nebula in the centre of a cosmic filament

Predictions from current theories and simulations suggest that dual active galactic nucleus (AGN) systems are exceedingly rare at high redshifts. The intense radiation and powerful outflows from AGNs regulate star formation, heat the interstellar medium, and drive massive gas outflows that shape the host galaxy and its surroundings. One manifestation of AGN feedback is the creation of extended Lyα nebulae. However, identifying these systems at high-z is challenging. Here, we report a remarkable dual AGN candidate at z ~ 5.4 using James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) and NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph), with a separation of ~ 1.7 arcsec (~ 10.4 pkpc). This is one of the highest spectroscopically confirmed redshift dual AGNs discovered. Photometric spectral energy distribution fitting shows excellent agreement with AGN templates, strongly suggesting a rare dual AGN system. Baldwin, Phillips & Terlevich (BPT) diagrams and high ionization lines further support the presence of AGNs. Very Large Telescope/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (VLT/MUSE) observations reveal strong extended Lyα emission, extending to $>22$ kpc, making it one of the most extended Lyα nebulae at z ~ 6. This provides observational evidence of anisotropic AGN-driven photoionization or shocks. The high Lyα escape fraction also indicates an AGN outflow. This dual AGN candidate is also associated with a well-defined overdensity, potentially at the centre of a z ~ 5.4 protocluster or filamentary structure node. Further analysis indicates the fraction of dual AGNs is significantly higher than theoretically expected at high redshifts. This discovery provides a new opportunity to study dual AGN interactions and their impact on the circumgalactic medium and cosmic structure evolution.