The first frequency standard based on laser-cooled atoms is reported. Beryllium atomic ions were stored in a Penning trap and cooled by radiation pressure from a laser. The frequency of the ⁹Be⁺ (MI, MJ)=(-3/2, +1/2)↔(-1/2, +1/2) ground-state hyperfine transition at its magnetic-field-independent point was determined to be 303 016 377.265 070 (57) Hz. The accuracy of a frequency standard referenced to this transition was comparable to the best frequency standards, which are based on cesium atomic beams.
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Bollinger et al. (1985) studied this question.
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