A hybrid time-frequency domain articulatory speech synthesizer

High quality speech at low bit rates (e.g., 2400 bits/s) is one of the important objectives of current speech research. As part of long range activity on this problem, we have developed an efficient computer program that will serve as a tool for investigating whether articulatory speech synthesis may achieve this low bit rate. At a sampling frequency of 8 kHz, the most comprehensive version of the program, including nasality and frication, runs at about twice real time on a Cray-1 computer.