The lack of motivation and engagement is recognized as one of the main causes of learners dropping out of e-learning systems. In this paper, an Adaptive Learning System, based on the principles of situation awareness, is proposed to tackle such an issue. The work proposes a situation model based on motivation and engagement. A technique based on Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) has been defined to identify the current situation by tracking the behavior and the interactions of the learner with the system. The FCM drives the process of feedback generation to improve the situation awareness of the learner, and therefore their motivation and engagement. The system has been evaluated using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, involving students and teachers. The experimental results demonstrate that the system is able to significantly improve the situation awareness of both learners and teachers, reducing the risk of learner dropout.
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D’Aniello et al. (2020) studied this question.
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