Conceptual analysis demonstrates the integration of service and hierarchical frameworks across the digital twin life cycle, indicating improved end-to-end implementation and user access.
Digital twin frameworks have been standardized for manufacturing implementations in ISO 23247. Despite the standardized framework for the manufacturing domain, other frameworks exist both within the manufacturing domain and across all other industries. Typical frameworks include hierarchical and collaborative frameworks similar to the ISO 23247 framework as well as frameworks based on digital twin services and implementation strategies. Hierarchical and collaborate frameworks generally follow a layered approach similar to the OSI and internet protocol frameworks. Service and implementation based frameworks may not include hierarchical layers, but can still be abstracted in terms of layers/services within the overall framework. Despite all the available frameworks, no unified framework exists for the complete digital twin life cycle (design, implementation, and operation). However, service based frameworks can be combined with hierarchical/collaborative frameworks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the system to better aid digital twin implementation beginning with enduser requirements definition and finishing with end-user access.
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Kinzel et al. (2025) studied this question.
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