The effective Lagrangian which gives a full solution of the U(1) problem is obtained from the 1/N expansion of quantum chromodynamics. This Lagrangian satisfies all the anomalous n-point Ward identities for arbitrary q², and includes chiral and SU(3) breaking. The relationship between the η^' mass and the θ dependence of the vacuum energy in the absence of quarks and the form of the strong CP violation in the effective-Lagrangian framework are deduced.
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Nath et al. (1981) studied this question.
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