Functional interaction of aortic valve and ascending aorta in patients after valve-sparing procedures

Pressure recovery (PR) is essential part of the post stenotic fluid mechanics and depends on the ratio of EOA/A A , the effective aortic valve orifice area (EOA) and aortic cross-sectional area (A A ). In patients with advanced ascending aortic aneurysm and mildly diseased aortic valves, the effect of A A on pressure recovery and corresponding functional aortic valve opening area (ELCO) was evaluated before and after valve-sparing surgery (Dacron graft implantation). 66 Patients with ascending aortic aneurysm (mean aortic diameter 57 +/− 10 mm) and aortic valve-sparing surgery (32 reimplantation technique (David), 34 remodeling technique (Yacoub)) were routinely investigated by Doppler echocardiography. Dacron graft with a diameter between 26 and 34 mm were implanted. EOA was significantly declined after surgery (3.4 +/− 0.8 vs. 2.6 +/− 0.9cm 2 ; p < 0.001). Insertion of Dacron prosthesis resulted in a significant reduction of A A (26.7 +/− 10.2 vs. 6.8 +/− 1.1cm 2 ; p < 0.001) with increased ratio of EOA/A A (0.14 +/− 0.05 vs. 0.40 +/− 0.1; p < 0.001) and pressure recovery index (PRI; 0.24 +/− 0.08 vs. 0.44 +/− 0.06; p < 0.0001). Despite reduction of EOA, ELCO (= EOA corrected for PR) increased from 4.0 +/− 1.1 to 5.0 +/− 3.1cm 2 ( p < 0.01) with reduction in transvalvular LV stroke work (1005 +/− 814 to 351 +/− 407 mmHg × ml, p < 0.001) after surgery. These effects were significantly better in patients with Yacoub technique than with the David operation. The hemodynamic findings demonstrate a valve-vessel interaction almost entirely caused by a marked reduction in the ascending A A with significant PR gain. The greater hemodynamic benefit of the Yacoub technique due to higher EOA values compared to the David technique was evident and may be of clinical relevance.