Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
One of the developers of Cybernetics, Wiener, defined it as " the science of control and communication in the animal and the machine" —which roughly amounts to defining it as the art of steersmanship. After reading the book the reviewer is inclined to amplify this by the analogy that Cybernetics is to Planning as Thermodynamics is to Chemistry.
Ernest Van Someren (Tue,) studied this question.